I. Fage
Gabaɗaya, na'urorin likita sunyi haifuwa tare da ethylene oxide da ethylene. Ethylene oxide shine mafi ƙasƙanci tsarin juyayi. Idan an tuntube shi da fata, jan da kumburi yana faruwa cikin sauri, yana faruwa ne bayan 'yan sa'o'i, kuma lamba ta iya haifar da mai da hankali. Fitar ruwa cikin idanu na iya haifar da ƙonewar corneal. Idan akwai tsawan hangen nesa zuwa adadi kaɗan, za a iya ganin raunin ƙwayar cuta neurrena da ciyayi. An ba da rahoton cewa mummunan ld50 a cikin berayen shine 330 MG / kg, da kuma cewa ethylene oxide a cikin mice [1]. An ruwaito mafi girma na carcininogenicity da mace mace-mace a cikin ma'aikata fallasa wa ethylene oxide. [2] 2-Chloroethanol zai iya haifar da erythema idan ta hanyar hulɗa da fata; Ana iya tunawa da percutousely don haifar da guba. Cutararrawa na iya zama mai mutuwa. Wawarcin na dogon lokaci na iya haifar da lalacewar tsarin juyayi na tsakiya, tsarin zuciya da huhu. Sakamakon bincike na gida da na waje akan Ethylene glycol sun yarda cewa guba kansa ƙasa. Tsarin sa na metabolol a jiki daidai ne na ethanol, ta hanyar metabolism na attanol dherdogenase da acetaldehende dhyoxalic acid, manyan samfuran sune glyoxalic acid, waɗanda ke da guba sosai. Sabili da haka, ƙa'idodi da yawa suna da takamaiman buƙatu don ragowar bayan Mata ta Ethylene oxide. Misali, GB / T 16886.7-2015 "Tsarin ilimin halittu na ilimin halitta na biyu: yy0290zifics sashen 8: YY0290Y.8-2008" Ophthalmp Doens Eart 8: Batun Ophthalmp na Wucin gadi na ragowar ethylene oxide da 2-chloroethanol.gb/t 16886.7-015 a fili cewa lokacin da ethylene oxide ya kasance a fili, mafi girman abin da ya dace da shi. shi ma a fili yana da iyaka. Sabili da haka, ya zama dole a bincika samar da iskar gama gari (ethylene oxide, 2-chloroethanol, sufuri da kuma ajiya na'urorin ethylene oxide, samar da na'urorin da aka samar, da kuma sterilization tsari.
II. Binciken Ramin Mata
Tsarin samarwa na ethylene oxide ya kasu kashi -asu zuwa hanyar Chlorohydrin da hanyar iskar shaka. Daga gare su, hanyar Chlorohydrin ita ce farkon ethylene isassun hanyar ohthylene. Yana da yawa ya ƙunshi matakan da aka dauki guda biyu: Mataki na farko: C2H4 + HCLO - Ch2Cl - Ch2OH; Mataki na biyu: Ch2cl - Ch2oh + Caoh2 - C2h4o + Cacl2 + H2o. A tsakiyar samfurin matsakaici shine 2-chloroethanol (Ch2Cl-Ch2oh). Saboda fasahar fasahar chlorohydrin, babbar hanyar gurbatawa muhore, hade da samfurin lalata morroroon kayan aiki, an kawar da yawancin masana'antun [4]. Hanyar iskar shaye-shaye [3] ya kasu kashi iska da iskar oxygen. Dangane da girman tsarkakakkiyar oxygen, samar da babban ya ƙunshi tafiyar matakai biyu: Mataki na farko: 2c2h4 + o2 - 2c2h4o; Mataki na biyu: C2h4 + 3o2 - 2Co2 + H2o. A halin yanzu, samar da masana'antu na ethylene oxide yanzu, samar da masana'antu na ethylene oxide ohylene oxide ne ya dauki tsari na katsewa tare da azurfa a matsayin mai kara kuzari. Saboda haka, samar da oxide oxide abu ne wanda yake yanke hukunci game da kimar 2-chloroethanol bayan steradization.
Magana game da tanadin da ya dace a cikin GB / t 16886.7-2015 daidaitaccen aiwatar da tabbatarwa na Ethylene oxide, mafi yawan ragowar dabi'ar oxide bayan steradization. Abubuwan da suka shafi adadin saura galibi sun haɗa da adsorption na ethylene oxide ohetlene oxide. ikon ethylene oxide. An ruwaito a cikin wallafe-wallafe [5] cewa maida hankali ga Ethynene oxiliation na ohylene ana ɗauka azaman 300-1000mg.l-1. Abubuwan da asarar abubuwan da ke cikin Ethylene oxide a lokacin haifuwa ta ƙunshi: adsorption na na'urori na likita, hydrolyis a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayin zafi, da sauransu. A maida hankali ne na 500-600mg.l-1 yana da tattalin arziƙi da tasiri, rage yawan amfani da abubuwan ethylene oxide da ragowar a kan abubuwan haifuwa.
Chlorine yana da kewayon aikace-aikace da yawa a cikin masana'antar sunadarai, samfura da yawa suna da alaƙa da mu. Ana iya amfani dashi azaman matsakaici, kamar vinyl chloride, ko azaman ƙarshen samfurin, kamar suleach. A lokaci guda, Chlorine ma akwai a cikin iska, ruwa da sauran wuraren, cutarwa ga jikin mutum kuma a bayyane yake. Saboda haka, lokacin da na'urorin likitancin da suka dace da ethida sun haifuwa ta hanyar ethylene, da bincike, kuma ya kamata a ɗauki matakan ajiya na samfurin 2-chorinoroethanol.
An ruwaito a cikin wallafe-wallafen [6] cewa abin da ke cikin 2-chloroethanol ya kai kusan 150 etlene oxide, kuma tare da tunani game da na'urorin saduwa da gajere wanda aka girabi A cikin daidaitaccen GB / T1686.7-2015, matsakaiciyar kashi na yau da kullun na 2-chloroethanol ga mai haƙuri kada ya fi 9 mg, adadin sa ya fi ƙaranci a cikin misali.
Nazari [7] Ya auna ragowar ethylene oxide da 2-chloroethanol a cikin nau'ikan suttura guda uku, da kuma sakamakon Ethroethanol ya kasance ba a gano shi da 23,7 μG.g don ƙwanƙwasa zaren . Yy 0167-2005 yana hana iyakar ganowa don oxylene oxide don suturun ruwa marasa kunya, kuma babu tsintsiya don 2-chloroethanol. Kwatasawar suna da damar da yawa na masana'antu masana'antu a tsarin samarwa. Kategabannin ingancin ruwa na ruwan mu yana zartar da yankin kariya na Janar da kuma Bleach na ruwa, gaba ɗaya bi da Algae da ƙananan rigakafin da tsinkayen zuciya da tsabta da kuma rigakafin cutar sankara da na tsabta . Babban salo mai aiki shine alli hypochlorite, wanda aka samar ta hanyar wucewa gas Chlorine. CLALILI A cikin iska mai sauƙi yana da sauƙin lalacewa a cikin iska, babban abin da aka yi shine: CA (CLO) 2 + CO (CLO) 2 + CO (CLO) 2 + CO (CLO) 2 + CO (CO2) 2 + CO (CO2) Hypochlorite ana iya yaduwa cikin hydrochloric acid da ruwa na karkashin haske, 2hclo + haske-2HCl + o2. 2HCL + O2.CHOlorine ein adsorbed ions ana sauƙaƙe a cikin saties, kuma a karkashin mahalli acidic ko alkalami na acidide ya buɗe zobe tare da shi don samar da 2 chloroethanol.
An ruwaito a cikin wallafe-wallafen [8] cewa ragowar 2-chloroethanol akan IOLon-taro na gas, amma ba a gano shi ba. Lens Part 8: Bukatun Asali "ya bayyana cewa ragowar adadin 2-chloroethanol a kan IOL kada ya zama sama da 2.0μg a kowace rana kada ya wuce 5.0 da GB / T16886. 7-2015 Standard ambaton cewa m ispulity sauke daga 2-chloroethanol saureol shine sau 4 sama da wannan matakin na Ethylene oxide.
A taƙaice, lokacin da kimanta ragowar na'urorin kiwon lafiya bayan sterilization ya kamata a iya bincika shi bisa ga ainihin yanayin.
A lokacin haifuwa na na'urorin kiwon lafiya, wasu daga cikin albarkatun ƙasa don amfani da likitocin kiwon lafiya ko kayan aikin sun haɗa da adadin pvyl chloride (vcm) na pvc resin A lokacin aiki.GB1009-2009 bututu mai laushi pvc da ke sanye da abin da ke cikin VCM ba zai iya wuce 1μg.g ba 1. Ana sauƙaƙe VCM a cikin aikin masu kunnuka (perexides, da sauransu) ko haske da zafi da zafi don samar da polyvinyl cholyl chloride. Vinyl chloride ana sauƙaƙe polymerized a ƙarƙashin aikin mai kara kuzari (perexide, da sauransu) ko haske da zafi don samar da polyvinyl cholyl, wanda aka sani da vloride resin. Lokacin da polyvinyl chloride yana da mai tsanani 100 ° C ko fallasa zuwa radiation, akwai yuwuwar cewa gas na gas na iya tserewa. Sa'an nan kuma haɗuwa da gas na hydrogen chloride da ethylene oxide a cikin kunshin zai haifar da wani adadin 2-chloroethanol.
Ethylene glycol, tsoro a cikin yanayi, ba mai motsawa ba ne. Tashar oxygen a cikin Ethylene oxide yana ɗaukar nau'ikan dodon ruwa guda biyu kuma yana da sauƙin samar da Ethylene glycol lokacin da etexise na chlylene. Misali: C2H4O + nacl + H2O - Ch2OL - Nayano. Wannan tsari yana da rauni a asali a ƙarshen ƙarshen kuma m asali ne a ƙarshen na ƙarshen, da kuma abin da ya faru da wannan amsawar ƙasa. A mafi girma dace shine samuwar ethylene glycol daga Ethylene oxide a cikin sadarwa tare da ruwa: C2h4o + H2O, Ch2oh, da kuma hygration na ethylene ointing ions kyauta.
Idan an gabatar da oons mara kyau a cikin samarwa, haifuwa, da ajiya da amfani da na'urorin lafiya, akwai yuwuwar cewa ethylene oxide zai amsa tare da su don samar da 2-chorinoethanol. Tunda aka kawar da hanyar Chlorohydrin daga tsarin samarwa, samfurin tsakiya, 2-chloroethanol, ba zai faru cikin hanyar hadawan abu da iskar shaka kai tsaye ba. A cikin samar da na'urorin likitanci, wasu albarkatun albarkatun suna da kadarorin adsorvity don ohylene oxide da 2-chloroethanol, don haka nazarin adadinsu na farko lokacin da aka bincika su bayan haifuwa. Bugu da kari, a lokacin samar da na'urorin likita, albarkatun kasa, ƙari, da ke faruwa, da yiwuwar haifuwa na ethan ko alkyabbai, ya harba SN2. Amsa, kuma ya haɗu tare da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararraki kyauta don samar da 2-chloroethanol dole ne a yi la'akari.
A halin yanzu, hanyar da aka saba amfani don gano Othylene Oxide, 2-Chloroethanol da Ethylene glycol shine hanyar gas. Hakanan ana iya gano oxide da launi na Ethylene ta amfani da pinchel bayani na gwajin sulfite, amma hancin shi shine amincin sakamakon gwajin ya shafa da ƙarin zafin jiki na 37 ° C a cikin Yanayin gwaji don sarrafa amsawa na ethylene glycol, da kuma lokacin sanya mafita da za a gwada bayan tsarin ci gaban launi. Saboda haka, tabbatar da ingancin ingancin hanyoyin (wanda ya hada da daidaito (da daidaito, layi, hankali, da sauran gwaje-gwaje shi ne na mahimmin dakin gwaje-gwaje shine na mahimmancin abubuwan ganowa.
III. Tunani kan tsarin bita
Ethylene oxide, 2-chloroethanol da Ethylene glycol sune sharan gama gari bayan da Ethylene oxilization na kiwon lafiya. Don aiwatar da cigaba na ci gaba, gabatarwar abubuwa masu dacewa a samarwa da ajiyar ethylene oxide.
Akwai wasu batutuwan guda biyu da yakamata a mayar da hankali a kan ainihin aikin bita na na'urar likita: 1. Ko ya zama dole don aiwatar da gwajin ragowar 2-chorinoethanol. A cikin samar da ethylene oxide, idan ana amfani da hanyar Chlorohydrin na gargajiya, kodayake ana amfani da daskararren kayan aikin oxide na yau da kullun, da sauran adadin saura yakamata a kimanta. Idan ana amfani da hanyar oxidation, ba a bincika 2-chloroethanol ba, amma adadin ragowar abubuwan da suka dace, da sauransu a cikin Ethylene react ya kamata a yi la'akari da tsari. Na'urorin likitanci suna amfani da babban adadin ruwan masana'antu a cikin tsarin samarwa, da kuma wasu adadin hypochloranite da chloroethanol na yiwu a cikin ragowar. Akwai kuma maganganun albarkatun abinci da kuma kayan aikin na'urorin lafiya sune salts na ƙwayar cuta ko kuma kayan polymer tare da haɗakarwar polymer ko kuma ya zama dole a bincika ko haɗarin 2-chloroethanol Dole ne a gwada wani abu don kimantawa, kuma idan akwai isasshen shaidar don nuna cewa ba za a gabatar da shi cikin 2-chorinoethanol ba, ana iya yin watsi da gwajin don sarrafa haɗarin ta. 2. Ga Ethylene Glycol Eviciation na sharan gona. Compared with ethylene oxide and 2-chloroethanol, the contact toxicity of ethylene glycol residues is lower, but because ethylene oxide production and use will also be exposed to carbon dioxide and water, and ethylene oxide and water are prone to produce ethylene glycol, and the Abubuwan da ke cikin Ethylene Glycol bayan sterilization suna da alaƙa da tsarkakakken oxide, saboda haka, danshi da yanayin zafi ya kamata a yi la'akari da yadda yakamata ayi la'akari dashi daidai da ainihin yanayi . Kimantawa.
Ka'idojin suna daga cikin kayan aikin bita na fasaha na bita na Media, yin amfani da zane na kayan aiki da ci gaba, amfani, yi amfani da sauran fannoni na abubuwan da dalilai ke shafar Lafiya da ingancin ka'idar da aiwatarwa, dangane da bayanan kai tsaye, maimakon yin la'akari da ainihin yanayin ƙirar samfuri, bincike da ci gaba, samarwa da amfani. Aikin bita ya kamata ya ba da ƙarin kulawa ga tsarin ingancin kayan aikin likita don kula da hanyoyin haɗin da suka dace, a lokaci guda akan sake dubawa "idanu" zuwa aikin "idanun" zuwa Inganta ingancin bita, manufar bita na kimiyya.
Source: Cibiyar Kula da Fasaha Daga Na'urori, Gudanar da Magunguna na Jiha (SDA)
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